Nanomaterials for sustainable remediation of chemical contaminants in water and soil

Rapid growth in population, industry, urbanization and intensive agriculture have led to soil water pollution by various contaminants. Nanoremediation has become one of the most successful emerging technologies for cleaning up contaminants due high reactivity nanomaterials (NMs). Numerous publications are available on use NMs removing contaminants, efficiencies often improved modifications with polymers, clay minerals, zeolites, activated carbon, biochar. This paper critically reviews current state-of-the-art used sustainable remediation, focusing their applications novel remedial approaches, such as adsorption/filtration, catalysis, photodegradation, electro-nanoremediation, nano-bioremediation. Insights into process performances, modes deployment, potential environmental risks management, consequent societal economic implications using remediation indicate that widespread acceptance nanoremediation requires not only a substantial advancement underpinning science engineering aspects themselves, but also practical demonstrations effectiveness already recognized approaches at real world in-situ conditions. New research involving green nanotechnology, nano-bioremediation, risk assessment NMs, outreach activities needed achieve regional global scales.